Preanalytics and Sampling (7 cr)

Objectives (course unit)

Students
- know how the demand for laboratory tests is determined and is able to use nomenclature of laboratory tests
- know and understand the effects of preanalytical factors on laboratory results
- can guide clients and other health care professionals in issues concerning sampling
- manage equipment and basic techniques of blood sample collecting and immediate specimen handling
- can collect reliable blood samples aseptically
- know basics of collecting other common laboratory samples (for example urine, faeces, cervical smears)
- can take care of ergonomy, the patient's safety and occupational safety during the sample taking
- know the information systems related to the sampling process
- is able to assess and develop his / her skills as a sampler and develop sampling based on evidence

Content (course unit)

Need for laboratory tests
Laboratory test requests
Use of abbreviations for laboratory tests
Preanalytical factors and guidance in preparing for laboratory tests
Equipment for blood sample collection
Venepuncture by different methods and related complications
Skin puncture sampling and related complications
Urine, faecal and throat sample collection process
Cervical smear collection process
Information technology in sample taking process
Occupational and patient safety in sample collection process
General principles of sample handling, preservation and transportation
Postanalytics: general principles of evaluating and reporting laboratory results
Recommendations, directives and standards concerning sampling

Prerequisites (course unit)

Aseptiikan verkkotentin tulee olla suoritettu hyväksytysti.

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1-2) (course unit)

The student
- is familiar with the essential equipment and techniques for sampling.
- is able to collect routine samples for clinical laboratory tests safely and aseptically and is familiar with the factors that need to be taken into consideration in the processing and shipping of samples.
- is able to evaluate the impact of the most important preanalytical factors on sampling and is familiar with the main points of the process.
- is able to describe factors that need to be taken into consideration in guidance.
- is familiar with the most important recommendations and standards for sampling and preanalytics and seeks to apply them in his/her work.
- is able to receive feedback, take responsibility for their own performance and work in a group.

Assessment criteria, good (3-4) (course unit)

The student
- is able to collect high quality clinical laboratory samples safely and reliably in normal sampling situations and to attend to the processing and preservation of samples.
- is able to evaluate the effects of preanalytical factors on sampling and is familiar with the different stages of the process.
- understands preanalytical phenomena as well as the basics of guidance and is able to apply the information when guiding clients in matters related to sampling.
- is able to apply and compare recommendations and standards that guide preanalytics and sampling, and to develop his/her working practices
- is able to evaluate their own activities and take responsibility for their own performance and group activities.
- adheres to important laboratory practices.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5) (course unit)

The student
- is able to collect high quality clinical laboratory samples safely and reliably even in challenging situations by choosing the most appropriate procedure.
- is able to ensure the correct processing and shipping of samples and is able to justify their activities.
- is able to analyse and evaluate the effects of preanalytical factors on sampling and to understand in detail the different stages of the process.
- is able to provide guidance related to different laboratory tests and to take preanalytical factors into consideration.
- is able to analyse and apply recommendations and standards that guide preanalytics and sampling and to develop sample collection practices.
- is able to work in a constructive, flexible and committed way.
- is able to review and evaluate his/her own and the group's activities comprehensively.

Assessment criteria, pass/fail (course unit)

-

Location and time

Syksy 2021-kevät 2022

Exam schedules

Varsinainen koe 15.12.2021 klo 10.00-11.30
1. uusinta 31.1. 2022 klo 14-15.30 Examissa
2. uusinta tarvittaessa helmikuussa 2022 Examissa

Assessment methods and criteria

Osallistumisaktiivisuus teoria- ja harjoitustunneille. Laboraatio-opetukseen (harjoitustunneille) ja seminaareihin osallistuminen on pakollista. Laboraatiotunteja edeltävillä koko ryhmän tunneilla käsitellään harjoitustunneilla harjoiteltavia asioita, eikä harjoitustunneilla ole mahdollisuus kerrata suoritusta enää kuin lyhyesti, joten myös aktiivinen osallistuminen näille on välttämätöntä.
Kokeen arvosana numeerisena koko syksyn 4 op kokonaisuudesta. Koealueena on tunneilla käsitellyt asiat ja itsenäisesti opiskellut osiot.

Arvioitava tehtävä kevät 2022 + pakolliset laboraatiot
Osasuoritus 1 Tentti syksyllä 2021
Osasuoritus 2 Tehtävä keväällä 2022

Assessment scale

0-5

Teaching methods

Lähiopetus kokoryhmänä, laboraatiot pienryhmissä.
Luento, opetuskeskustelut, erilaiset tehtävät.
Itsenäinen opiskelu. Harjoittelu opetuslaboratoriossa.

Learning materials

Koemateriaali: Friman T, Kuparinen M, Lehto K & Liikanen E. 2021. Laboratoriotutkimusten näytteenotto. Byrettikustannus
Oheismateriaalia:
Matikainen, A-M. Miettinen, M. ja Wasström, K. 2016. Näytteenottajan käsikirja. Edita. Helsinki tai E-kirja ePUB
Hotus. Potilaan ohjaus laboratorionäytteenottoon.
Preanalytiikan käsikirjat/Näytteenoton normistot
WHO quidelines on drawing blood: best practices in phlebotomy
Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI Recommendation for venous blood sampling EFML 2018
GP41 - Collection of Diagnostic Venous Blood Specimens –standardi
Lähiopetuksen materiaali ja muu opintojaksolla sovittu materiaali

Student workload

Syksy 2021:
2 op teoriaa
sisältää;
Luentoja ja
a) Harjoitustehtävä (tutkimuspyyntö, esivalmistelu ja ohjaus sekä asiakkaan kohtaaminen ja ohjaaminen).
b) Kirjallisuuden (kirja ja muu osoitettu lähdemateriaali) opiskelu lähiopetuksen tukena
c) Muiden annettujen tehtävien teko
Laboraatiot 20 t/ opisk syksyllä,
Kevät 2022
2 op teoriaa
Info, toteutussuunnitelma, tehtävän anto
Tehtävät (Preanalytiiikkacaset, standardit ja ohjeistukset)
4 t IT (Fimlab)
4 t ergonomiaa
Käytännön info PAKOLLINEN
Palautekeskustelu käytännön jaksosta Pakollinen,
Laboraatiot 10 t/ opisk. (My+ harjoitus, 8 t harjoittelua 19BA-ryhmän opastuksella)

Content scheduling

Ks. toteutusuunnitelma Moodlessa

Completion alternatives

Aiemman osaamisen näyttö

Practical training and working life cooperation

Harjoittelu ammattikorkeakoulun tiloissa.

Further information

Laboraatiotunneilla tarvitaan suojavaate, nimineula ja työkengät
Opintojakson suorittaminen on ehtona preanalytiikan harjoittelujakson suorittamiselle.